Toronto Electricians and Electrical Contractors

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Shocks from contact with electrical conductors continue to occur every year in every country. For example, in the UK, the Health and Safety Executive documented that “Each year about 1000 accidents at work involving electric shock or burns are reported … Around 30 of these are fatal.” In my first post in this two-part series, we looked at how new types of electrical loads are presenting challenges in protecting people against shocks. I described the four main types of residual current devices (RCDs) designed to provide shock protection in different types of applications. In simplified terms, you choose the type of RCD based on the expected residual current waveforms: pure sinusoidal (Type AC), pulsating DC (Type A), composite up to 1000 Hz (Type F), or non-sinusoidal and smooth DC (Type B). See my first post for examples of the types of loads that produce such currents. In this post, we’ll have a closer look at Type B RCDs, as well as the SI type, that has been developed by Schnei...

DERMS: Distributed Energy Resources Management System The proliferation of distributed energy resources (DER) entering the distribution networks (including distributed generating units, energy storage and electric vehicles), is challenging the traditional operational actions which have been used to plan, design, operate and maintain the electric grid. Electricity companies will need to rethink their approach to grids when facing these new challenges which include: Incorporating two-way energy flows Lack of visibility of the distribution grid Intermittency of renewable generators may cause voltage and power quality issues Inadequate protection in a case of two-way energy flow Realtime Platform ADMS Maintaining power reliability for customers. In addition, grid design and operation are being directly impacted by the acceleration of changes in the electrical commodity market. Recently, there has been a push to evolve the market from one that is wholesale and incentive-based, t...